Is the LAN effect in morphosyntactic processing an ERP artifact?

Available online 4 February 2019.The left anterior negativity (LAN) is an ERP component that has been often associated with morphosyntactic processing, but recent reports have questioned whether the LAN effect, in fact, exists. The present project examined whether the LAN effect, observed in the grand average response to local agreement violations, is the result of the overlap between two different ERP effects (N400, P600) at the level of subjects (n = 80), items (n = 120), or trials (n = 6160). By-subject, by-item, and by-trial analyses of the ERP effect between 300 and 500 ms showed a LAN for 55% of the participants, 46% of the items, and 49% of the trials. Many examples of the biphasic LAN-P600 response were observed. Mixed-linear models showed that the LAN effect size was not reduced after accounting for subject variability. The present results suggest that there are cases where the grand average LAN effect represents the brain responses of individual participants, items, and trials.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry [PSI 2014-54500- P; IJCI-2016-27702; PSI2017-82941-P]; the Basque Government [PI_2015_1_25]; and the Severo Ochoa [SEV-2015-0490]

Generalized approach to minimal uncertainty products

Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (page 35).A general technique to construct quantum states that saturate uncertainty products using variational methods is developed. Such a method allows one to numerically compute uncertainties in cases where the Robertson-Schrodinger (RS) uncertainty approach fails. To demonstrate the limitations of the RS approach, the ([Delta]x2 )([Delta]p) relation is examined using both the variational and direct method.by Douglas M. Mendoza.S.B

Aplicación web de referencias y contrareferencias de pacientes del seguro integral de salud

Los pacientes que cuentan con el Seguro Integral de Salud para ser atendidos por especialistas de un servicio, tienen que acercarse a su centro de salud a ser diagnosticados por un médico general, el cual después de realizar la evaluación del diagnóstico, este profesional de la salud indica si amerita o no una derivación a un hospital de mayor complejidad. Si el paciente amerita la derivación, el médico general llena un formato de referencia de manera escrita, con la información necesaria para su atención en el establecimiento destino, pero como estos formatos son manuales no tienen una evaluación previa de los campos ingresados por lo que muchos de los profesionales médicos obvia campos que son importantes para continuar con el tratamiento. Además, muchas de estas derivaciones al no tener una información correcta después de la atención o durante la atención se verifica que el paciente pudo ser atendido en su centro de salud por tener una dolencia que el centro si contaba en su cartera de servicios. En el flujo de las derivaciones no existe una persona que evalúe las referencias y contrareferencias por lo que hay un descontrol de los pacientes derivados. El propósito de este trabajo de investigación es mejorar la administración de la población de pacientes referidos de los establecimientos de salud que están alrededor de los hospitales de mayor complejidad, tener un correcto registro de las referencias y contrareferencias para que los especialistas continúen el tratamiento adecuado para el paciente, evaluar las derivaciones verificando, si el establecimiento destino cuenta con la cartera de servicios necesarios para la atención del paciente. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo de investigación se utilizó la metodología RUP que tiene como objetivo asegurar que la producción del software sea de calidad y que satisfaga las necesidades que se solicitan para la atención de los pacientes que cuentan con el Seguro Integral de Salud. Los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo de investigación indicaron que el sistema cumple con los objetivos que se trazaron para la mejora de la atención del paciente. Se concluye que la aplicación web mejora el proceso de referencias y contrareferencias para los pacientes que cuentan con el seguro integral de salud.The patients who have the Comprehensive Health Insurance are to be attended by the specialists of the service they need. They are supposed to approach their health center and be diagnosed by a general practitioner, who will then carry out the evaluation of the diagnosis, this heath professional indicates if they will need to be referred to a more complex hospital. If the patient merits the referral, their general doctor will manually fill out a form that will refer the patient and have additional written information of the necessary attention in the designated area. However, since the referral form is manually filled out there are no prior evaluation of the fields that are entered. So many medical professionals overlook fields that are important to continue with treatment. Additionally, many of these referrals do not have the correct information for after care or during care, which verifies that the patience could have been attended to at their health care center for the ailment. In the referral process, there is nobody designated to evaluate the references and counter references, so there is a lack of control of those patients that are receive the referrals. The purpose of this research work is to improve the management of the patient population that are referred to health service locations that are located around the most complex hospitals. Another purpose is to have a correct registry of the references and counter-references so that specialists can continue to adequately treat the patient. Also, this research work can evaluate the verified referrals. If the place of destination has the portfolio of services for patient care. For the development of this research work the utilizations of the RUP methodology is required. This methodology aims to ensure that the production of the software to be of high quality and to meet the needs that are requested for the care of patients who have the Comprehensive Health Insurance. The results in this research work indicate that the system meets the objectives outlined to improve patient care. In conclusion, the web application improves the process and references, also counter references for patients who have the comprehensive health insurance

Toca 511 gene transfer and treatment with the prodrug, 5-fluorocytosine, promotes durable antitumor immunity in a mouse glioma model.

BackgroundToca 511 (vocimagene amiretrorepvec) is a retroviral replicating vector encoding an optimized yeast cytosine deaminase (CD). Tumor-selective expression of CD converts the prodrug, 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), into the active chemotherapeutic, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). This therapeutic approach is being tested in a randomized phase II/III trial in recurrent glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma (NCT0241416). The aim of this study was to identify the immune cell subsets contributing to antitumor immune responses following treatment with 5-FC in Toca 511-expressing gliomas in a syngeneic mouse model.MethodsFlow cytometry was utilized to monitor and characterize the immune cell infiltrate in subcutaneous Tu-2449 gliomas in B6C3F1 mice treated with Toca 511 and 5-FC.ResultsTumor-bearing animals treated with Toca 511 and 5-FC display alterations in immune cell populations within the tumor that result in antitumor immune protection. Attenuated immune subsets were exclusive to immunosuppressive cells of myeloid origin. Depletion of immunosuppressive cells temporally preceded a second event which included expansion of T cells which were polarized away from Th2 and Th17 in the CD4+ T cell compartment with concomitant expansion of interferon gamma-expressing CD8+ T cells. Immune alterations correlated with clearance of Tu-2449 subcutaneous tumors and T cell-dependent protection from future tumor challenge.ConclusionsTreatment with Toca 511 and 5-FC has a concentrated effect at the site of the tumor which causes direct tumor cell death and alterations in immune cell infiltrate, resulting in a tumor microenvironment that is more permissive to establishment of a T cell mediated antitumor immune response

Grado del sistema tecnológico de los inventores peruanos: producción de patentes (2003/2013)

The patent registration is considered one of the industrial and scientific development indexes of countries, once used to measure the capacity of this activity in the transformation of knowledge into products, processes or technological innovation. In view of the whole scientific, technological and innovation contexts activities in Peru, we ask: how does the patent production process behave in the country? The main focus is to identify the production of patents, as well as their inventors. The main objective of this study is to determine the degree of patent productivity in Peru. The search strategy was based on the Esp@cenet patent base, in the Inventors field, using the expression "[PE]" representing the country of inventor, selecting the period of study mentioned above. In a second step, a data cleansing was performed to identify if the strategy was successful, 1104 patents were identified, which were tabulated later. Among the several results of this research, an interesting observation is the predominance of US patent citations, practically monopolizing the sample. On 47 occasions the US country appears, while patents from Germany are cited 4 times and from Great Britain 2 times. During the study period, a 60 % increase in patent registrations was observed. The main patent producers in Peru have interesting characteristics, where one can notice a market reserve in some segments such as hygiene, consumer products and daily life. Finally, one can identify a technological and innovative predominance in sectors where the industry is installed and that has direct interference in the products that are directed to the Peruvian population

How to Establish Successful Cooperative Student Learning Centers for STEM Courses

Students learn more if they are actively involved in the learning process, particularly in a cooperative manner. Several UMR faculty have operated course-based learning centers (LCs) as part of the campus-wide Learning Enhancement Across Disciplines (LEAD) Program of student learning assistance and enhancement. LCs are designed to assist large numbers of students in a cost- and time-efficient manner that promotes student engagement without requiring undue amounts of faculty time. Course instructors spend time in the open learning environment of the LC, in lieu of office hours, guiding students to master course material and skills in their evolution from novice to expert techniques. The goals are to build student self-confidence through direct interaction with role models and to develop teamwork skills. LCs can be much more attractive to students than faculty office hours or traditional tutoring because they satisfy the social elements of student learning communities. However, there are a few simple practical elements instructors should orchestrate to generate high-volume LC usage. We will discuss practical issues of establishing and operating successful learning centers for STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) courses

Implementation strategies for homework sent

The research was redirected to the different studies that focus on reality of the Ecuadorian education system and the disadvantages facing the teaching-learning process due to negative manifestations of the environment, which influence the academic performance of the students, considering that precarious economic situations, intra-family problems, the barriers that the teacher faces Due to lack of recreational, recreational resources, training based on various areas of study, there are some situations that create inequalities between the different educational contexts of the country, being necessary to look for alternative solutions or reforms that focus on a particular reality, where it is distinguished the stages I of the rural and urban area, establishing as an objective to analyze education from an aspect of transformation, through a pedagogical plan determined by curricular adjustments, which allow the development of skills, implementation of methods, techniques according to the required level, with the purpose of Obtain educational excellence. For the development of the study, the exploratory methodology linked to knowing the specific problem was used, based on theoretical bases and results made in other fields of inquiry that relate the situation of the school to respond to social, cultural, economic and educational interests

Polynomial unconstrained binary optimisation inspired by optical simulation

We propose an algorithm inspired by optical coherent Ising machines to solve the problem of polynomial unconstrained binary optimisation (PUBO). We benchmark the proposed algorithm against existing PUBO algorithms on the extended Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model and random third-degree polynomial pseudo-Boolean functions, and observe its superior performance. We also address instances of practically relevant computational problems such as protein folding and electronic structure calculations with problem sizes not accessible to existing quantum annealing devices. In particular, we successfully find the lowest-energy conformation of lattice protein molecules containing up to eleven amino-acids. The application of our algorithm to quantum chemistry sheds light on the shortcomings of approximating the electronic structure problem by a PUBO problem, which, in turn, puts into question the applicability of quantum annealers in this context.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure

Structure and belonging: Pathways to success for underrepresented minority and women PhD students in STEM fields

The advancement of underrepresented minority and women PhD students to elite postdoctoral and faculty positions in the STEM fields continues to lag that of majority males, despite decades of efforts to mitigate bias and increase opportunities for students from diverse backgrounds. In 2015, the National Science Foundation Alliance for Graduate Education and the Professoriate (NSF AGEP) California Alliance (Berkeley, Caltech, Stanford, UCLA) conducted a wide-ranging survey of graduate students across the mathematical, physical, engineering, and computer sciences in order to identify levers to improve the success of PhD students, and, in time, improve diversity in STEM leadership positions, especially the professoriate. The survey data were interpreted via path analysis, a method that identifies significant relationships, both direct and indirect, among various factors and outcomes of interest. We investigated two important outcomes: publication rates, which largely determine a new PhD student’s competitiveness in the academic marketplace, and subjective well-being. Women and minority students who perceived that they were well-prepared for their graduate courses and accepted by their colleagues (faculty and fellow students), and who experienced well-articulated and structured PhD programs, were most likely to publish at rates comparable to their male majority peers. Women PhD students experienced significantly higher levels of distress than their male peers, both majority and minority, while both women and minority student distress levels were mitigated by clearly-articulated expectations, perceiving that they were well-prepared for graduate level courses, and feeling accepted by their colleagues. It is unclear whether higher levels of distress in women students is related directly to their experiences in their STEM PhD programs. The findings suggest that mitigating factors that negatively affect diversity should not, in principle, require the investment of large resources, but rather requires attention to the local culture and structure of individual STEM PhD programs